Lot‐sizing policies for deterioration items under two‐level trade credit with partial trade credit to credit‐risk retailer and limited storage capacity

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the optimal wholesaler's replenishment decisions for deterioration items under two levels of the trade credit policy and two storage facilities in order to reflect the supply chain management situation within the economic order quantity framework. In this study, each of the following assumptions have been made: (1) The own warehouse with limited capacity always is not sufficient to store the order quantity, so that a rented warehouse is needed to store the excess units over the capacity of the own warehouse; (2) The wholesaler always obtains the partial trade credit, which is independent of the order quantity offered by the supplier, but the wholesaler offers the full trade credit to the retailer; (3) The wholesaler must take a loan to pay his or her supplier the partial payment immediately when the order is received and then pay off the loan with the entire revenue. Under these three conditions, the wholesaler can obtain the least costs. Furthermore, this study models the wholesaler's optimal replenishment decisions under the aforementioned conditions in the supply chain management. Two theorems are developed to efficiently determine the optimal replenishment decisions for the wholesaler. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theorems that are proven in this study, and the sensitivity analysis with respect to the major parameters in this study is performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impact of environmental regulations on forest product trade in China

Forest product trade plays an important role in the development of the Chinese forest industry. The trading value of forest product has shown a yearly growth rate of 12% during the last five recent years. Stringent environmental regulations in China have a profound impact on raw material supplies and industrial production in the forest sector; however, their impact on the forest product trade is still unclear. This study applies fixed and random effects models as well as a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the trade of forest product from 2002 to 2015. The results indicate that the stringent environmental regulations promoted the import but restricted the export of forest product in general. Specifically, the stringent environmental regulations stimulated the import but had an ambiguous impact on the export of the paper product. The stringent environmental regulations had also stimulated the import of wood product but inhibited the export. In contrast, wooden furniture had been affected minimally; only export got slightly negatively affected by environmental regulations. Recommendations for resource managers:

• Trade‐offs between economic growth and environmental regulations are needed to smoothly promote the forest product trade in China.
• Paper and wooden furniture product sectors are less likely to be affected by stringent environmental regulations, because high value‐added products could compensate for environmental costs.
• The wood product sector is more likely to be negatively affected by stringent environmental regulations because environmental costs could severely impact the competitiveness of low value‐added products.

     

基于广义动态因子模型的中国出口周期分析与预测

研究出口周期的景气循环对于进一步扩大出口及推动整个国民经济的发展具有重要的意义.基于传统的先行指标体系和SW景气指数方法能够为出口周期的监测和预警提供参考,而近年来逐渐完善的广义动态因子模型基于频域分析方法,在处理高维数据方面比前两种方法更具有优势,同时该方法在拐点的探测方面也具有重要的作用.作者首先对三种指数构建方法进行了理论上的介绍;其次,分别运用三种方法构建了中国出口增长循环的一致及先行指数;最后,对三种方法在中国出口周期分析上的表现进行了比较与评价,得出了一些重要的结论.     

基于可计算一般均衡模型的出口退税政策效应分析

使用Chinagem模型计算了我国2010年6月份出口退税率下调对我国经济以及各行业的影响.研究表明,此次调整导致我国GDP实际减小0.016%,投资、出口与进口分别下降0.075%、0.041%与0.116%,居民消费和政府消费上升0.005%,就业下降0.016%,两高一资行业受挫较大.同时,各个行业实施出口退税时,对该行业的影响表现为:将直接导致行业出口价格上升,出口量下降,从而国内销售部分增加;由于国内供给增加,进口有所减少;而总产出的变化则由于行业不同而呈现出不同的变化.与此同时,各个行业出口退税率的变化将导致上游行业产出下降,下游行业产出增长.     

人民币汇率波动对我国出口价格的传递效应研究——区分持久性与暂时性汇率变动的不同影响

实体经济的变化和货币政策与金融市场的扰动,分别造成汇率的持久性变动与暂时性变动。为了研究这两种不同的汇率变动对出口价格产生的影响,本文通过研究不完全竞争市场中出口企业的定价行为,建立理论分析框架,并使用Blanchard-Quah方法对汇率变动进行分解,得出两种不同的汇率变动。基于VEC模型,采用1997年1月至2012年12月我国的出口价格数据进行实证分析,结果表明:人民币实际有效汇率的持久性变动和暂时性变动对我国出口价格的传递系数分别为0.84和0.67。因此,加快出口行业的转型与升级以及维持好货币政策与金融市场的稳定,对降低汇率波动对我国出口企业的影响具有重要的意义。     

长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易地区结构的实证研究

利用贸易额的绝对值和指数实证分析了长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易地区结构. 结果表明: 长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易过于集中, 且进出口贸易的整体地区结构和主要10个国家的内部地区结构均有所优化, 但不甚明显, 其中出口的整体地区结构更为分散, 进口的内部地区结构更为均匀. 最后基于分析结果, 为促进长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易地区结构合理化发展提出了建议.     

Usage of Empore™ membrane in alcoholic media for copper(II) distribution studies

The sorption of copper(II) on a solid, iminodiacetic based, chelating material, the Empore™ membrane, in alcoholic solutions is considered. Determination of the acid-base properties, kinetic of metal sorption and complexing properties, in solutions with different percentages of ethanol, ranging from 0 to 40% is undertaken. The results are compared with those obtained using the classical iminodiacetic resin Chelex 100 in beads. No significant differences are found in the thermodynamic properties, but the kinetics of the metal sorption on the membrane is slower and a dependence of the process rate with the alcoholic content is observed. In the present investigation, the detection of copper(II) species both in alcoholic Italian distillate “grappa” and in its intermediate product (“flemma”), is carried out by the Resin Titration (RT) method using, as competitive reagent, the Empore™ membrane. To validate the procedure, synthetic solutions containing different percentages of ethanol are analysed.     

新疆纺织品出口中的问题与对策

在对新疆纺织行业出口状况调研的基础上，分析了纺织品外贸的现状及存在的问题，并提出了解决问题的算法和意见，新疆是一个具有纺织资源、劳动力资源优势的地区，抓住“入世”机遇，对发展新疆纺织业具有重要的现实和战略意义。     

我国中药出口贸易发展现状分析及对策研究

对中药出口贸易的发展现状进行了分析,从机遇与挑战方面阐述了其发展趋势,对中药实现现代化,推动国际化,知识产权保护以及如何消除贸易壁垒等方面提出了对策及建议。由于国家政府各项政策的倾斜,将进一步加快我国中药产业的发展,从现代化走向国际化。     

Microwave assisted fluorination: an improved method for side chain fluorination of substituted 1-arylethanones

A two-step, one-pot microwave (MW) assisted fluorination of 1-arylethanones to their corresponding 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones has been developed. The first step utilises Selectfluor™ as a fluorinating agent in methanol forming 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones and their corresponding dimethyl acetals. In the second step, water is added and Selectfluor™ acts as a Lewis acid in the hydrolytic cleavage of the dimethyl acetals. Compared to the thermal synthesis, the MW assisted method leads to a reduction in reaction time both in the fluorination and for the dimethyl acetal cleavage. Moreover, the one-pot procedure reduces reagent and solvent consumption. The method is best suited for the preparation of 1-aryl-2-fluoroethanones containing substituents that deactivates electrophilic aromatic substitution, however highly electron deficient ketones such as 1-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)ethanone reacts more slowly. Reactions using electron rich aromatic ketones had a low regioselectivity, and also produced fluoroaromatic products.